Root knot nematodes are a type of parasite that can be found throughout the world, with hundreds of species belonging to the Meloidogyne family. These pests attach themselves to the roots of susceptible plants and trees, causing sudden wilting and a decrease in the production of fruits and vegetables. The roots and parts of the stem buried in the soil will typically show knotted galls or scars.
Root knot nematodes are a significant threat to agriculture as they can destroy over 2000 different types of plants and trees, including root vegetables, trees, and tomatoes. These pests account for roughly 5% of all seasonal crop losses, making them a major concern for farmers and home gardeners alike.
Since root knot nematodes are challenging to get rid of, using natural solutions to reduce their population is crucial. It is difficult to use pesticides effectively as these nematodes can go beyond one foot below the surface of the soil. Depending on the location, spraying pesticides might not even be legal to treat these pests.
Some natural solutions for controlling root knot nematodes include planting marigolds, corn, wheat, and rye alongside other susceptible plants, rotating crops, and letting the land lay fallow for at least one year to get rid of the infestation. Home gardeners can also cover moistened soil with clear plastic for several months during the summer season. This will increase the temperature of the soil and kill off the nematodes, along with their eggs. In most cases, allowing the land to be fallow for at least one year is still necessary to ensure that all parasites are eliminated.
It is also important to inspect plants before purchasing them, especially if you suspect an infestation in your area. Root knot nematodes often lay their eggs on young plants, and it might be better to buy seeds and grow them in your greenhouse. Additionally, you can look for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that have resistance to this particular parasite.
If you live near a farm or other gardeners who do not take care with their nursery plants, you might want to plant a few extra marigolds around your property to keep your garden safe. Checking with your local cooperative extension to see if these parasites are currently causing problems in your area is also worthwhile.